By Zachary Glaunert
Farm Bill Biologist, Pheasants Forever, Inc. and Quail Forever
For centuries prescribed fire has been an effective means of sustaining healthy grassland and woodland ecosystems. This method of management was highly utilized by Indigenous peoples throughout North America for generations. It was adopted also by early European settlers to manage both natural and agricultural landscapes. But as time progressed and newer farming styles and management emerged, prescribed fire slowly became uncommon practice. Flash forward to present day, there is gaining interest by many to reintroduce this tool, given its immense ecological benefit and management effectiveness. Let’s briefly look at the benefit of prescribed fire and how it can be implemented into standard practice for property owners looking to improve the health of their CRP/Native Plantings.
One of the greatest benefits to prescribed fire is the promotion of species diversity. It does this by creating conditions that native plant species require to thrive. Many species require fire as a stimulant for growth, due to this fact, species that haven’t been seen for years may present themselves after a fire has been conducted (assuming seed is present in the soil). It is one of the most effective practices to remove thatch, thus opening things up to create space for healthy growth. At the same time, it will free tied-up nutrients in the dead plant material and return them back to the soil.
While promoting species diversity, prescribed fire (when timed properly) can be very effective in controlling undesired weed/woody species at the same time. This practice can save a lot of time and labor when it comes to controlling weed and smaller tree/shrub species. You can address large areas of land in a relatively short amount of time. If you have spent any amount of time trying to battle encroachment of woody/weed species into a prairie planting, you know how frustrating and time consuming it can be. More common management practices, such as mowing and herbicide application, can require larger inputs of time and money to get similar control that fire would, without much of the added benefits. Being that fires need only be conducted every 3-5 years; they can have lasting benefits and mitigate management inputs between fires.
Not only does the soil and vegetation benefit, but the entire ecosystem does also. Many insects and animals depend on these native plant species for both cover and food. Deer, turkey, pheasants, quail, along with many other birds and small mammals, depend on berries/seed from native species to survive. The more diverse our woodlands and grasslands, the more diverse the animal species will be in the area.
While it needs to be treated with respect and caution, it is not to be feared. With the help of someone who is experienced or has had training with fire and a few (responsible) friends, it can be a fun and rewarding way to promote the health of our lands. If you are interested in learning more about how prescribed fire may be a fit for your lands or have any questions, reach out to your local DNR office or myself at the Houston County USDA Office!